BK
Idea
Unknown


Do you know, Richard is the king of England does not speak English? Or, if you know the king and the sultan Saladin Richard often have dinner together when break at war ? War-like the other war, the crusade to save a lot of stories or facts and unique.


1. Richard the Lion heart, which is famous as the King of England, and he can not speak English. Because since chile he was always live in France. He just born in the UK. In fact, it seems, he is more conversant in Arabic than English.


2. King Richard is in the UK in the government only during the 11 months. Queen Berengaria of Navarre, not even ever been to the UK at all. Therefore, Richard is also known as "The King absent


3. not believe motivation with fellow colleagues expedition crusade, King Richard had said: "I am more willing Jerusalem led by a Muslim who wise and spirited tournament of the holy city fall to the European baron who pursue only private property"


4. At an event in the battle at Jaffa, when the trooper felt the exhaustion of the Cross, Richard own troops led the spear against the Muslims. Saladin narrowly in the side with full admiration. When she saw the horse Richard fell below it, Sultan immediately send to the carpenters kudanya battle field with two horses that are still fresh for the King of England who is brave.

5. There is also the story of Richard who entered Jerusalem with the masquerade and dinner with Saladin: they took each other friendly. In a series of talks, Richard said to the Sultan about his view on how the King of England. Saladin said that Richard more in the nature brave as a knight, but sometimes he tends to dissipate with this is too hasty in battle. Meanwhile, according to him Richard, Saladin too moderate strengthening in the value keksatriaan, even in the


6. When one of the rebel commander of war saladin, Richard to kill him and deliver his head on the saladin and said, "I do not want to disrupt people this" game "we are small." And the next day their fierce battle.


7. Once in a battle, Richard saw that the sword saladin blunt and stop the war he was that day in order to provide an opportunity saladin shape his sword


8. One day, Richard sick. Heard the news, sending Shalahuddin best doctors to treat Richard. When again we can get the Muslim leaders that have morals like Salahuddin?


9. People mentioned in the first European Muslim people as a Barbarian, but the result of intensive contacts that crusade, Slow slow they realize that the barbarian is them. high culture and science of Muslims at that time.


10. According to historical records, during the crusade, all women and prostitutes in usir out of the camp crusaders. All must be holy crusaders physically, free from lust. But there is one group of women free entry exit the camp crusaders carpenters washing clothes. Even if one group tukang cuci would travel between cities, they are kept by sepasukan knight, and dibuntuti troops infantri. If the convoy is attacked, the carpenters and travel safety is no.1. Time thralled Muslim troops, the mischief-washing is more respected than the ordinary soldier. Until-until Richard The Lion Heart also willing to pay the carpenters make ransum wash it


11. When Frederick Barbarossa (grandfather emperor Frederik II) died on the crusade expeditions III, ksatrianya that many assume that this is the will of God and many who joined with the Muslims. Then bring the remaining Jasad Barbarossa to Jerusalem with the contention later Barbarosa akan born again.


12. Emperor Frederick II of Germany, have a special relationship with Sultan Malik from Egypt in the war of the cross V. He felt that in the era (era dark ages), the only comparable with him in the culture and personality is a prince-a prince of the kingdom of Islam. Therefore, the lifestyle rather nyentrik (he berpoligami, although not a Catholic).


13. Time forced to participate in the crusade, Frederick II was successfully seize Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth without meneteskan setitik darahpun. Although he only how to rent a 3 city friend of the sultan of Egypt, Malik

14. There have been instances Frederick II beat clergy who enter into the mosque and warned that not do it again. Meanwhile, al-Malik had dinasehati by Templar Knight that killed Frederick II at the time pengawalannya are loose. Knowing this, al-Malik told Frederick II soon so soon go from there because the situation 'dangerous'.


15. Defeat Arab forces more often because they do terpancing attack against all European heavy cavalry. Where is the discipline and combat experience of the volunteer Jihad far less of a combat veteran, especially European ordo-ordo military as Templar, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knight.


16. Europe defeat the general result of alias insubordinasi less strong single command in the army unit that consists of different elements of the ordo baron and the military actually does not like each other of each other. In addition, in some reversal, the mercenary army (mercenary) and European volunteers are often too quick to leave barisannya to sack the cities of Islam that is almost ditaklukannya. This is to make true Islamic forces have terpojok can counter-attack


17. Turkey khwaraziman troops who attacked the Jerusalem 1244 years old at that time controlled by the descendants of genghis khan, Eljigidei. Funny that this is the army of the majority are Buddhist pasukannya even commander Hulegu khan is also a Buddhis.


18. Actual delivery of the Crusader wrong address, the Turkish Seljuk that many of the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem have been expelled by caliph of Egypt. But time and poor information does not create leaders hear Crusader turnover of power in Jerusalem.


19. Division of elite troops in the Russian Cossack a horse and a horse in France Musketer inspired successful because troops mounted pemanah Arab nations. Troops not only as a horse troop sayab but a special forces


20. Building sepasukan Knights take a very large cost. Even a king in the mid-century have only about 100 - 300 Full Knight with the Heavy Horse komandonya who serve under the full - time. Usually the king akan collect Knight under the duke and baronnya when the big battle.


21. The Knights are usually the children who do not have a noble inheritance. At that time as well as where the noble course, wealth and power of the father only inherited by the son sulungnya, unless the king or the level where the wealthy baron son to two to 3 is still possible to inherit the estate, or a county with a small castle. Son-son who does not feel or have less wealth since adolescents typically hone the skills of war with itself. They then at a certain age (15-16 years) in inagurasi a knight by the king or baron, where he serve.


22. There is a rule that never are by both sides during the war of the cross. That is fact Nobility or applicable law Chivalry in the mid-century that the king can not kill a fellow king. Especially when captivity. One of the code of ethics of the noble Knights and their avoidance is to kill or orang2 family's patrician who surrender / in captivity. However, a special military-religious Order spt Templar, Hospitaller and Teutonic Cross in the war, the rule does not apply to the noble / noble Muslim. Except in special conditions or get a special order of the Crusader leaders get a mandate directly from the Pope. In Arab tradition itself, a king among kings kill abstinence. It was Saladin who applied when he did not kill Guy of Lusignan, king of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem when it successfully won the battle Hattin


23. Saladin had violated ethics and Islamic law of war I always junjung he high when he was executing all prisoners of Templar and Hospitaller knight when he won the battle Hattin. Meanwhile, Richard The Lion Heart also had violated the code of conduct and ethics Noble Chivalry is executing in 2000 when he was a warrior Saladin captivity in front of the gate, Acre / Akko
5. There is also the story of Richard who entered Jerusalem with the masquerade and dinner with Saladin: they took each other friendly. In a series of talks, Richard said to the Sultan about his view on how the King of England. Saladin said that Richard mengunggulinya more in the nature keberaniannya as a knight, but sometimes he tends to dissipate with this is too hasty in battle. Meanwhile, according to him Richard, Saladin too moderate strengthening in the value keksatriaan, even in the


6. When one of the rebel commander of war saladin, Richard to kill him and deliver his head on the saladin and said, "I do not want to disrupt people this" game "we are small." And the next day their fierce battle.


7. Once in a battle, Richard saw that the sword saladin blunt and stop the war he was that day in order to provide an opportunity saladin mengasahnya


8. One day, Richard sick. Heard the news, sending Shalahuddin best doctors to treat Richard. When again we can get the Muslim leaders that have morals like Salahuddin?


9. People mentioned in the first European Muslim people as a Barbarian, but the result of intensive contacts that crusade, Slow slow they realize that the barbarian is them. If ditilik of high culture and science of Muslims at that time.


10. According to historical records, during the crusade, all women and prostitutes in usir out of the camp crusaders. All must be holy crusaders physically, free from lust. But there is one group of women free entry exit the camp crusaders carpenters washing clothes. Even if one group tukang cuci would travel between cities, they are kept by sepasukan knight, and dibuntuti troops infantri. If the convoy is attacked, the carpenters and travel safety is no.1. Time thralled Muslim troops, the mischief-washing is more respected than the ordinary soldier. Until-until Richard The Lion Heart also willing to pay the carpenters make ransum wash it


11. When Frederick Barbarossa (grandfather emperor Frederik II) died on the crusade expeditions III, ksatrianya that many assume that this is the will of God and many who joined with the Muslims. Then bring the remaining Jasad Barbarossa to Jerusalem with the contention later Barbarosa akan born again.


12. Emperor Frederick II of Germany, have a special relationship with Sultan Malik from Egypt in the war of the cross V. He felt that in the era (era dark ages), the only comparable with him in the culture and personality is a prince-a prince of the kingdom of Islam. Therefore, the lifestyle rather nyentrik (he berpoligami, although not a Catholic).


13. Time forced to participate in the crusade, Frederick II was successfully seize Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth without meneteskan setitik darahpun. Although he only how to rent a 3 city friend of the sultan of Egypt, Malik

14. There have been instances Frederick II beat clergy who enter into the mosque and warned that not do it again. Meanwhile, al-Malik had dinasehati by Templar Knight that killed Frederick II at the time pengawalannya are loose. Knowing this, al-Malik told Frederick II soon so soon go from there because the situation 'dangerous'.


15. Defeat Arab forces more often because they do terpancing attack against all European heavy cavalry. Where is the discipline and combat experience of the volunteer Jihad far less of a combat veteran, especially European ordo-ordo military as Templar, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knight.


16. Europe defeat the general result of alias insubordinasi less strong single command in the army unit that consists of different elements of the ordo baron and the military actually does not like each other of each other. In addition, in some reversal, the mercenary army (mercenary) and European volunteers are often too quick to leave barisannya to sack the cities of Islam that is almost ditaklukannya. This is to make true Islamic forces have terpojok can counter-attack


17. Turkey khwaraziman troops who attacked the Jerusalem 1244 years old at that time controlled by the descendants of genghis khan, Eljigidei. Funny that this is the army of the majority are Buddhist pasukannya even commander Hulegu khan is also a Buddhis.


18. Actual delivery of the Crusader wrong address, the Turkish Seljuk that many of the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem have been expelled by caliph of Egypt. But time and poor information does not create leaders hear Crusader turnover of power in Jerusalem.


19. Division of elite troops in the Russian Cossack a horse and a horse in France Musketer inspired successful because troops mounted pemanah Arab nations. Troops not only as a horse troop sayab but a special forces


20. Building sepasukan Knights take a very large cost. Even a king in the mid-century have only about 100 - 300 Full Knight with the Heavy Horse komandonya who serve under the full - time. Usually the king akan collect Knight under the duke and baronnya when the big battle.


21. The Knights are usually the children who do not have a noble inheritance. At that time as well as where the noble course, wealth and power of the father only inherited by the son sulungnya, unless the king or the level where the wealthy baron son to two to 3 is still possible to inherit the estate, or a county with a small castle. Son-son who does not feel or have less wealth since adolescents typically hone the skills of war with itself. They then at a certain age (15-16 years) in inagurasi a knight by the king or baron, where he serve.


22. There is a rule that never are by both sides during the war of the cross. That is fact Nobility or applicable law Chivalry in the mid-century that the king can not kill a fellow king. Especially when captivity. One of the code of ethics of the noble Knights and their avoidance is to kill or orang2 family's patrician who surrender / in captivity. However, a special military-religious Order spt Templar, Hospitaller and Teutonic Cross in the war, the rule does not apply to the noble / noble Muslim. Except in special conditions or get a special order of the Crusader leaders get a mandate directly from the Pope. In Arab tradition itself, a king among kings kill abstinence. It was Saladin who applied when he did not kill Guy of Lusignan, king of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem when it successfully won the battle Hattin


23. Saladin had violated ethics and Islamic law of war I always junjung he high when he was executing all prisoners of Templar and Hospitaller knight when he won the battle Hattin. Meanwhile, Richard The Lion Heart also had violated the code of conduct and ethics Noble Chivalry is executing in 2000 when he was a warrior Saladin captivity in front of the gate, Acre / Akko

24. If during this time we hear that the commander Saladin you polite, then one of the Mamluks Baybar field commander who is violent. Garangnya not lose in a matter of kill-kill like crusaders. If the crusaders under Richard leaders never execute all Muslim prisoners in Aacre troops Baybar also kill all the Christians in Acre, including the clergy and women. he even send a letter to the commander crusaders to recount details of the slaughter in suratnya. Baybar even create a desert environment Acre so in the future so difficult to stand again crusaders.


25. When blockade of Acre, Baybars use siege weapons as weaponnya than not heavy long-distance, as well as psychological and biological weapons. Catapult his weapon is not only a stone throw to the city, but also forces the enemy dead bodies, prisoners of the children who still live and dead animals spt horses, camels etc.. In the mid-century it was often referred to as' humor artillery troops'. Baybars but do so more intensively and chilling.


26. Due dihinggapi disease wahn (love the world and the fear of death). Maka.Shalahuddin then the festival has a warning given the name of the Prophet Muhammad Maulid Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam. The goal is to raise the spirit and struggle. Examined in the festival this timeless titled: Sirah nabawiyah (history of the prophet) and atsar (word) friends, particularly those related to the values of this jihad.Festival take two months, respectively. The result is extraordinary. Many Muslim youth who register for the struggle to free Palestine. They were ready to follow military education.


source:
http://www.indonesiaindonesia.com/

BK
Idea
Unknown






Do you know, Richard is the king of England does not speak English? Or, if you know the king and the sultan Saladin Richard often have dinner together dijeda pertempurannya? War-like the other war, the crusade to save a lot of stories or facts dibaliknya unique.


1. Richard the Lion heart, which is famous as the King of England, and he can not konyolnya English. Because since he was always small in France. He just numpang born in the UK. In fact, it seems, he is more conversant in Arabic than English.


2. King Richard is in the UK in the government only during the 11 months. Permaisurinya, Queen Berengaria of Navarre, not even ever been to the UK at all. Therefore, Richard is also known as "The King absent


3. Saking not percayanya motivation with fellow colleagues expedition crusade, King Richard had said: "I am more willing Jerusalem led by a Muslim who wise and spirited tournament of the holy city fell ketangan the European baron who pursue only private property"


4. At an event in the battle at Jaffa, when the trooper felt the exhaustion of the Cross, Richard own troops led the spear against the Muslims. Saladin narrowly in the side with full admiration. When she saw the horse Richard fell below it, Sultan immediately send to the carpenters kudanya battle field with two horses that are still fresh for the King of England who is brave.

5. There is also the story of Richard who entered Jerusalem with the masquerade and dinner with Saladin: they took each other friendly. In a series of talks, Richard said to the Sultan about his view on how the King of England. Saladin said that Richard mengunggulinya more in the nature keberaniannya as a knight, but sometimes he tends to dissipate with this is too hasty in battle. Meanwhile, according to him Richard, Saladin too moderate strengthening in the value keksatriaan, even in the


6. When one of the rebel commander of war saladin, Richard to kill him and deliver his head on the saladin and said, "I do not want to disrupt people this" game "we are small." And the next day their fierce battle.


7. Once in a battle, Richard saw that the sword saladin blunt and stop the war he was that day in order to provide an opportunity saladin mengasahnya


8. One day, Richard sick. Heard the news, sending Shalahuddin best doctors to treat Richard. When again we can get the Muslim leaders that have morals like Salahuddin?


9. People mentioned in the first European Muslim people as a Barbarian, but the result of intensive contacts that crusade, Slow slow they realize that the barbarian is them. If ditilik of high culture and science of Muslims at that time.


10. According to historical records, during the crusade, all women and prostitutes in usir out of the camp crusaders. All must be holy crusaders physically, free from lust. But there is one group of women free entry exit the camp crusaders carpenters washing clothes. Even if one group tukang cuci would travel between cities, they are kept by sepasukan knight, and dibuntuti troops infantri. If the convoy is attacked, the carpenters and travel safety is no.1. Time thralled Muslim troops, the mischief-washing is more respected than the ordinary soldier. Until-until Richard The Lion Heart also willing to pay the carpenters make ransum wash it


11. When Frederick Barbarossa (grandfather emperor Frederik II) died on the crusade expeditions III, ksatrianya that many assume that this is the will of God and many who joined with the Muslims. Then bring the remaining Jasad Barbarossa to Jerusalem with the contention later Barbarosa akan born again.


12. Emperor Frederick II of Germany, have a special relationship with Sultan Malik from Egypt in the war of the cross V. He felt that in the era (era dark ages), the only comparable with him in the culture and personality is a prince-a prince of the kingdom of Islam. Therefore, the lifestyle rather nyentrik (he berpoligami, although not a Catholic).


13. Time forced to participate in the crusade, Frederick II was successfully seize Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth without meneteskan setitik darahpun. Although he only how to rent a 3 city friend of the sultan of Egypt, Malik

14. There have been instances Frederick II beat clergy who enter into the mosque and warned that not do it again. Meanwhile, al-Malik had dinasehati by Templar Knight that killed Frederick II at the time pengawalannya are loose. Knowing this, al-Malik told Frederick II soon so soon go from there because the situation 'dangerous'.


15. Defeat Arab forces more often because they do terpancing attack against all European heavy cavalry. Where is the discipline and combat experience of the volunteer Jihad far less of a combat veteran, especially European ordo-ordo military as Templar, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knight.


16. Europe defeat the general result of alias insubordinasi less strong single command in the army unit that consists of different elements of the ordo baron and the military actually does not like each other of each other. In addition, in some reversal, the mercenary army (mercenary) and European volunteers are often too quick to leave barisannya to sack the cities of Islam that is almost ditaklukannya. This is to make true Islamic forces have terpojok can counter-attack


17. Turkey khwaraziman troops who attacked the Jerusalem 1244 years old at that time controlled by the descendants of genghis khan, Eljigidei. Funny that this is the army of the majority are Buddhist pasukannya even commander Hulegu khan is also a Buddhis.


18. Actual delivery of the Crusader wrong address, the Turkish Seljuk that many of the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem have been expelled by caliph of Egypt. But time and poor information does not create leaders hear Crusader turnover of power in Jerusalem.


19. Division of elite troops in the Russian Cossack a horse and a horse in France Musketer inspired successful because troops mounted pemanah Arab nations. Troops not only as a horse troop sayab but a special forces


20. Building sepasukan Knights take a very large cost. Even a king in the mid-century have only about 100 - 300 Full Knight with the Heavy Horse komandonya who serve under the full - time. Usually the king akan collect Knight under the duke and baronnya when the big battle.


21. The Knights are usually the children who do not have a noble inheritance. At that time as well as where the noble course, wealth and power of the father only inherited by the son sulungnya, unless the king or the level where the wealthy baron son to two to 3 is still possible to inherit the estate, or a county with a small castle. Son-son who does not feel or have less wealth since adolescents typically hone the skills of war with itself. They then at a certain age (15-16 years) in inagurasi a knight by the king or baron, where he serve.


22. There is a rule that never are by both sides during the war of the cross. That is fact Nobility or applicable law Chivalry in the mid-century that the king can not kill a fellow king. Especially when captivity. One of the code of ethics of the noble Knights and their avoidance is to kill or orang2 family's patrician who surrender / in captivity. However, a special military-religious Order spt Templar, Hospitaller and Teutonic Cross in the war, the rule does not apply to the noble / noble Muslim. Except in special conditions or get a special order of the Crusader leaders get a mandate directly from the Pope. In Arab tradition itself, a king among kings kill abstinence. It was Saladin who applied when he did not kill Guy of Lusignan, king of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem when it successfully won the battle Hattin


23. Saladin had violated ethics and Islamic law of war I always junjung he high when he was executing all prisoners of Templar and Hospitaller knight when he won the battle Hattin. Meanwhile, Richard The Lion Heart also had violated the code of conduct and ethics Noble Chivalry is executing in 2000 when he was a warrior Saladin captivity in front of the gate, Acre / Akko
5. There is also the story of Richard who entered Jerusalem with the masquerade and dinner with Saladin: they took each other friendly. In a series of talks, Richard said to the Sultan about his view on how the King of England. Saladin said that Richard mengunggulinya more in the nature keberaniannya as a knight, but sometimes he tends to dissipate with this is too hasty in battle. Meanwhile, according to him Richard, Saladin too moderate strengthening in the value keksatriaan, even in the


6. When one of the rebel commander of war saladin, Richard to kill him and deliver his head on the saladin and said, "I do not want to disrupt people this" game "we are small." And the next day their fierce battle.


7. Once in a battle, Richard saw that the sword saladin blunt and stop the war he was that day in order to provide an opportunity saladin mengasahnya


8. One day, Richard sick. Heard the news, sending Shalahuddin best doctors to treat Richard. When again we can get the Muslim leaders that have morals like Salahuddin?


9. People mentioned in the first European Muslim people as a Barbarian, but the result of intensive contacts that crusade, Slow slow they realize that the barbarian is them. If ditilik of high culture and science of Muslims at that time.


10. According to historical records, during the crusade, all women and prostitutes in usir out of the camp crusaders. All must be holy crusaders physically, free from lust. But there is one group of women free entry exit the camp crusaders carpenters washing clothes. Even if one group tukang cuci would travel between cities, they are kept by sepasukan knight, and dibuntuti troops infantri. If the convoy is attacked, the carpenters and travel safety is no.1. Time thralled Muslim troops, the mischief-washing is more respected than the ordinary soldier. Until-until Richard The Lion Heart also willing to pay the carpenters make ransum wash it


11. When Frederick Barbarossa (grandfather emperor Frederik II) died on the crusade expeditions III, ksatrianya that many assume that this is the will of God and many who joined with the Muslims. Then bring the remaining Jasad Barbarossa to Jerusalem with the contention later Barbarosa akan born again.


12. Emperor Frederick II of Germany, have a special relationship with Sultan Malik from Egypt in the war of the cross V. He felt that in the era (era dark ages), the only comparable with him in the culture and personality is a prince-a prince of the kingdom of Islam. Therefore, the lifestyle rather nyentrik (he berpoligami, although not a Catholic).


13. Time forced to participate in the crusade, Frederick II was successfully seize Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth without meneteskan setitik darahpun. Although he only how to rent a 3 city friend of the sultan of Egypt, Malik

14. There have been instances Frederick II beat clergy who enter into the mosque and warned that not do it again. Meanwhile, al-Malik had dinasehati by Templar Knight that killed Frederick II at the time pengawalannya are loose. Knowing this, al-Malik told Frederick II soon so soon go from there because the situation 'dangerous'.


15. Defeat Arab forces more often because they do terpancing attack against all European heavy cavalry. Where is the discipline and combat experience of the volunteer Jihad far less of a combat veteran, especially European ordo-ordo military as Templar, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knight.


16. Europe defeat the general result of alias insubordinasi less strong single command in the army unit that consists of different elements of the ordo baron and the military actually does not like each other of each other. In addition, in some reversal, the mercenary army (mercenary) and European volunteers are often too quick to leave barisannya to sack the cities of Islam that is almost ditaklukannya. This is to make true Islamic forces have terpojok can counter-attack


17. Turkey khwaraziman troops who attacked the Jerusalem 1244 years old at that time controlled by the descendants of genghis khan, Eljigidei. Funny that this is the army of the majority are Buddhist pasukannya even commander Hulegu khan is also a Buddhis.


18. Actual delivery of the Crusader wrong address, the Turkish Seljuk that many of the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem have been expelled by caliph of Egypt. But time and poor information does not create leaders hear Crusader turnover of power in Jerusalem.


19. Division of elite troops in the Russian Cossack a horse and a horse in France Musketer inspired successful because troops mounted pemanah Arab nations. Troops not only as a horse troop sayab but a special forces


20. Building sepasukan Knights take a very large cost. Even a king in the mid-century have only about 100 - 300 Full Knight with the Heavy Horse komandonya who serve under the full - time. Usually the king akan collect Knight under the duke and baronnya when the big battle.


21. The Knights are usually the children who do not have a noble inheritance. At that time as well as where the noble course, wealth and power of the father only inherited by the son sulungnya, unless the king or the level where the wealthy baron son to two to 3 is still possible to inherit the estate, or a county with a small castle. Son-son who does not feel or have less wealth since adolescents typically hone the skills of war with itself. They then at a certain age (15-16 years) in inagurasi a knight by the king or baron, where he serve.


22. There is a rule that never are by both sides during the war of the cross. That is fact Nobility or applicable law Chivalry in the mid-century that the king can not kill a fellow king. Especially when captivity. One of the code of ethics of the noble Knights and their avoidance is to kill or orang2 family's patrician who surrender / in captivity. However, a special military-religious Order spt Templar, Hospitaller and Teutonic Cross in the war, the rule does not apply to the noble / noble Muslim. Except in special conditions or get a special order of the Crusader leaders get a mandate directly from the Pope. In Arab tradition itself, a king among kings kill abstinence. It was Saladin who applied when he did not kill Guy of Lusignan, king of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem when it successfully won the battle Hattin


23. Saladin had violated ethics and Islamic law of war I always junjung he high when he was executing all prisoners of Templar and Hospitaller knight when he won the battle Hattin. Meanwhile, Richard The Lion Heart also had violated the code of conduct and ethics Noble Chivalry is executing in 2000 when he was a warrior Saladin captivity in front of the gate, Acre / Akko

24. If during this time we hear that the commander Saladin you polite, then one of the Mamluks Baybar field commander who is violent. Garangnya not lose in a matter of kill-kill like crusaders. If the crusaders under Richard leaders never execute all Muslim prisoners in Aacre troops Baybar also kill all the Christians in Acre, including the clergy and women. he even send a letter to the commander crusaders to recount details of the slaughter in suratnya. Baybar even create a desert environment Acre so in the future so difficult to stand again crusaders.


25. When blockade of Acre, Baybars use siege weapons as weaponnya than not heavy long-distance, as well as psychological and biological weapons. Catapult his weapon is not only a stone throw to the city, but also forces the enemy dead bodies, prisoners of the children who still live and dead animals spt horses, camels etc.. In the mid-century it was often referred to as' humor artillery troops'. Baybars but do so more intensively and chilling.


26. Due dihinggapi disease wahn (love the world and the fear of death). Maka.Shalahuddin then the festival has a warning given the name of the Prophet Muhammad Maulid Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam. The goal is to raise the spirit and struggle. Examined in the festival this timeless titled: Sirah nabawiyah (history of the prophet) and atsar (word) friends, particularly those related to the values of this jihad.Festival take two months, respectively. The result is extraordinary. Many Muslim youth who register for the struggle to free Palestine. They were ready to follow military education.


source:
http://www.indonesiaindonesia.com/

BK
Idea
Unknown


Prime Minister ( Patih ) Gajah Mada of the Majapahit Empire and a national hero in Indonesia. He is believed to have unified the entire archipelago. The principal poet of the era, Palapa, eulogized Gajah Mada in an epic, information is available on his early life, except that he was born a commoner. He rose to power on his intelligence, courage, and loyalty to King Jayanagara (1309–28) during a rebellion led by Kuti in 1319. He served as the head of the royal bodyguard that escorted King Jayanagara to Badander, when Kuti captured the capital of Majapahit. After finding a safe place for the King, he returned to the capital and spread the rumour that the King had been killed. He discovered that many officers were upset by the King’s supposed death and that Kuti was apparently unpopular among the people. Knowing, therefore, that the King still had loyal followers, GajahMada secretly organized a counterinsurrection, in which Kuti was killed and the King was restored. As a reward, GajahMada was appointed as the patih (minister) of Daha and, later, the patih of Daha and Janggala, a position that made him a member of the ruling elite. Prapanca, a court poet and historian, described Gajah Mada as “eloquent, sharp of speech, upright, and sober-minded.

MAP OF MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE

Gajah Mada’s loyalty to Jayanagara waned, however, when the King took possession of his wife. In 1328, when Jayanagara was ill, Gajah Mada instructed Tancha, the court physician, to kill the King during an operation. Upon the death of the King, Tancha was blamed and executed by Gajah Mada. Since the King had no son, his daughter Tribhuvana became ruler.

During the reign of Tribhuvana (1328–50), Gajah Mada gradually became the most powerful figure in Majapahit. In 1331 a rebellion took place in Sadeng (eastern Java). Gajah Mada immediately sent a military expedition to the area, but a minister of Majapahit named Kembar attempted to stop him from entering Sadeng. Gajah Mada broke the blockade and won the battle.

Upon his return, Gajah Mada was appointed as mapatih, or prime minister, of Majapahit. At the same time, he took a solemn oath before the council of ministers that he would not enjoy palapa (privileges of vacation or the revenue from his fief ) before he conquered the whole archipelago for Majapahit. When Kembar and other ministers ridiculed this fantastic boast, Gajah Mada, with the help of the Queen, removed Kembar and his followers from office. In 1343, in accordance with his plans, Gajah Mada led a military expedition that conquered Bali.

Tribhuvana abdicated in 1350 and was succeeded by her son Hayam Wuruk, perhaps the best known king of Majapahit. During his reign, Majapahit reached the zenith of its power and controlled the whole of the Indonesian archipelago. The young King seemed content to leave the direction of affairs entirely in the hands of his prime minister.

The year after Hayam Wuruk’s accession, Gajah Mada attempted to spread Majapahit influence to the western Java kingdom of Sunda. He sent a mission to Sunda expressing the wish of Hayam Wuruk to marry the daughter of the King of Sunda. The King consented and brought the Princess, together with some of his noblemen, to Majapahit. They camped in Bubat, north of the capital, in a large field where the wedding was supposed to take place. A disagreement ensued between Gajah Mada and the Sundanese king. The former wanted the King to surrender the Princess to Hayam Wuruk, but the King and his noblemen insisted that the Princess, as the queen of Majapahit, should have a status equal to that of Hayam Wuruk.

Gajah Mada brought in troops and intended to decide the issue by force. The Sundanese

Upon his return, Gajah Mada was appointed as mapatih, or prime minister, of Majapahit. At the same time, he took a solemn oath before the council of ministers that he would not enjoy palapa (privileges of vacation or the revenue from his fief ) before he conquered the whole archipelago for Majapahit. When Kembar and other ministers ridiculed this fantastic boast, Gajah Mada, with the help of the Queen, removed Kembar and his followers from office. In 1343, in accordance with his plans, Gajah Mada led a military expedition that conquered Bali.

Tribhuvana abdicated in 1350 and was succeeded by her son Hayam Wuruk, perhaps the best known king of Majapahit. During his reign, Majapahit reached the zenith of its power and controlled the whole of the Indonesian archipelago. The young King seemed content to leave the direction of affairs entirely in the hands of his prime minister.

The year after Hayam Wuruk’s accession, Gajah Mada attempted to spread Majapahit influence to the western Java kingdom of Sunda. He sent a mission to Sunda expressing the wish of Hayam Wuruk to marry the daughter of the King of Sunda. The King consented and brought the Princess, together with some of his noblemen, to Majapahit. They camped in Bubat, north of the capital, in a large field where the wedding was supposed to take place. A disagreement ensued between Gajah Mada and the Sundanese king. The former wanted the King to surrender the Princess to Hayam Wuruk, but the King and his noblemen insisted that the Princess, as the queen of Majapahit, should have a status equal to that of Hayam Wuruk.Gajah Mada brought in troops and intended to decide the issue by force. The Sundanese noblemen preferred death to dishonour; instead of a happy wedding, a bloody massacre took place. The King of Sunda was killed, as were the Princess and the Sundanese noblemen. After the massacre, Sunda seems to have acknowledged the overlordship of Majapahit for a time but, ultimately, recovered its independence.

To glorify his power, Gajah Mada built a temple on the boundary line of the Singhasāri kingdom in eastern Java to equate himself with the last king of Singhasāri. It was under his patronage that Prapanca began the composition ofNāgarakertāgama, the epic of Majapahit. A law book that had a great significance in Javanese history was also compiled under his instructions.

Gajah Mada also played a major role in the direction of internal policy. He occupied numerous positions, including that of chief officer of the palace. The range of his activities was so great that, when he died, Hayam Wuruk found it necessary to appoint four ministers to take over the positions that had previously been the responsibility of Gajah Mada alone. GajahMada’s death (1364) occurred under mysterious circumstances. Some writers claim that he was poisoned by Hayam Wuruk, who had come to fear his minister’s power. The evidence, however, is inconclusive.

Gajah Mada’s role in unifying the Indonesian archipelago caused early Indonesian nationalists to consider him a great national hero

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September 18, 2008--A comb jelly trips the light fantastic as it pulses off Heron Island onAustralia's Great Barrier Reef complex

The creature, which lacks the stingers of jellyfish, was among thousands of species studied at three coral reef sites--two of them along the Great Barrier--during a four-year survey led by the Australian Institute of Marine Science.

The survey team announced today that it has discovered hundreds of animals new to science, including previously unknown microscopic shrimp, worms, scavenging crustaceans--and as many as 150 new species of soft corals.

The reef expeditions were done as part of the Census of Marine Life, a global ten-year initiative to assess the diversity, distribution, and abundance of creatures in the world's oceans.

--James Owen

—Photograph courtesy Gary Cranitch/Queensland Museum/copyright 2008

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A pair of strange new worlds that blur the boundaries between planets and stars have been discovered beyond our Solar System.


A few dozen such objects have been identified in recent years but this is the first set of "twins".

Dubbed "planemos", they circle each other rather than orbiting a star.

Their existence challenges current theories about the formation of planets and stars, astronomers report in the journal Science.

"This is a truly remarkable pair of twins - each having only about 1% the mass of our Sun," said Ray Jayawardhana of the University of Toronto, co-author of the Science paper.

"Its mere existence is a surprise, and its origin and fate a bit of a mystery."

'Double planet'

The pair belongs to what some astronomers believe is a new class of planet-like objects floating through space; so-called planetary mass objects, or "planemos", which are not bound to stars.

They appear to have been forged from a contracting gas cloud, in a similar way to stars, but are much too cool to be true stars.

And while they have similar masses to many of the giant planets discovered beyond our Solar System (the larger weighs in at 14 times the mass of Jupiter and the other is about seven times more massive), they are not thought to be true planets either.

"We are resisting the temptation to call it a 'double planet' because this pair probably didn't form the way that planets in our Solar System did," said co-researcher Valentin Ivanov of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Santiago, Chile.

'Amazing diversity'

The two objects have similar spectra and colours, suggesting that they formed at the same time about a million years ago.

They are separated by about six times the distance between the Sun and Pluto, and can be found in the Ophiuchus star-forming region some 400 light years away. They go under the official name Oph 162225-240515, or Oph 1622 for short.

"Recent discoveries have revealed an amazing diversity of worlds out there," said Dr Jayawardhana. "Still, the Oph 1622 pair stands out as one of the most intriguing, if not peculiar."

His colleague, Dr Ivanov, said they were curious to find out whether such pairs are common or rare.

"The answer could shed light on how free-floating planetary-mass objects form," he added.

Oph 1622 was discovered using the ESO's New Technology Telescope at La Silla, Chile. Follow-up studies were conducted with the ESO's Very Large Telescope.
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X plane ( pesawat terbaru amerika ) sebagai senjata pemusnah dengan biaya rendah


Apa yang di maksud dengan x plane adalah pesawat yang memiliki kemampuan siluman ( tak terdekteksi radar ) memiliki kemampuan tiga tipe penyerangan : dog fight, air to air combat, and ground combat, dan memiliki kemempuan helicopter,mampu mendarat dimana pun tanpa mengunakan landasan yang panjang, dan melayang.

Ini salah satu jenis x plane yang berasal dari boeing yang memenang kan kontrak pertahanan : sekitar 200 miliyar dollar


Fighter X-32A/B



Specifications

First flight:

X-32A, Sept. 18, 2000; X-32B, March 29, 2001

Military model numbers:

X-32A and X-32B

Span:

X-32A, 36 feet; X-32B, 30 feet

Length:

X-32A, 45 feet; X-32B, 43 feet 8.6 inches

Takeoff weight:

50,000 pounds

Speed:

Supersonic

Service ceiling:

50,000 feet

Range:

600 to 850 nautical-mile-radius (internal fuel only)

Power:

One Pratt & Whitney JSF-119-PW-614 turbofan producing thrust in excess of 42,000 pounds

Accommodation:

One pilot

Dengan kemampaun untuk melaju di udara dengan cepat kemudian stop di di udara mirip UFO. Mendarat dengan posisi vertical. Dan bergerak kedepan dalam mode hover ( melayang ) dengan ketinggian 7 m dengan kecepatan 60 km/h. dan kecepatan penuh supersonic dengan 1.08 march ( I.8 KALI KECEPATAN SUARA )

http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRheft/FRH0110/FR0110d.htm